The Renaissance art movement, which began in Italy in the 14th century and spread across Europe, marked a revival of classical learning, humanism, and realism in art. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael pursued knowledge of human anatomy, perspective, and proportion to create lifelike paintings and sculptures. This period emphasized balance, harmony, and beauty, with artists focusing on subjects such as mythology, religion, and human emotion. The Renaissance had a lasting impact on Western art, setting standards for realism and techniques that continue to influence artists today.
Emerging in France in the late 19th century, Impressionism challenged traditional techniques by capturing moments and the effects of light with quick, visible brushstrokes. Artists like Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Edgar Degas often painted outdoor scenes, focusing on how light and color changed throughout the day. This movement emphasized spontaneity and movement, with an emphasis on color over detail. Impressionism was initially criticized for its unconventional style, but it later gained recognition as a major artistic breakthrough, leading the way for modern art.
Abstract Expressionism, an American art movement that developed in the 1940s and 1950s, emphasized emotion and spontaneity over realistic depiction. Artists like Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning used bold colors, large canvases, and energetic brushwork to convey intense emotions. This movement was known for its focus on individual expression and freedom, allowing artists to explore personal themes in nonrepresentational forms. Abstract Expressionism became influential worldwide, encouraging artists to experiment with new styles and techniques that emphasized inner experiences over external reality.
